Schizophrenia Paper - 990 Words

Schizophrenia is a complex and highly debilitating mental illness that we are currently unable to treat in any way that guarantees success or return to previous function. It affects around 1% of the population and is associated with a thirteen-fold increase in the likelihood of suicide, so its effective control is paramount (Gogos et al., 2015). There have been several hypotheses as to the cause of schizophrenia. Many link genetic and environmental factors, and dysregulations of neurotransmitters dopamine, glutamate, and serotonin (Egbujo, Sinclair, Hahn, 2016). The dopamine hypothesis currently suggests that hyperactive dopamine transmission in the basal ganglia leads to psychosis and underactive dopamine transmission in the prefrontal†¦show more content†¦A medication with these properties would be difficult to develop, but potentially quite beneficial and efficacious. Literature Review It is hypothesized that dysregulation at the presynaptic terminals can impact functionality at post-synaptic terminals and alter dopamine and glutamate levels (Egbujo et al., 2016). This impact on dopamine and glutamate could be the precursor to the altered functional connectivity seen in schizophrenia (Egbujo et al., 2016). The molecular processes that underlie this process include presynaptic SNARE proteins, synaptic membrane proteins, synapsins, syntaxin-1, synaptobrevin, and complexins (Egbujo et al., 2016). In many cases, these proteins are under or over expressed in certain areas of the brain crucial to schizophrenia (Egbujo et al., 2016). The overall mechanism operating efficiently would involve neurotransmitter recruitment and concentration within vesicles, targeting the pooled vesicles to the presynaptic terminal, and vesicle exocytosis, endocytosis, and recycling (Egbujo et al., 2016). The previously mentioned proteins play a significant role in this process. In my novel me dication, I would include a unique chemical property that increased or decreased synaptic efficiency based on under or overexpression of these crucial pre-synaptic proteins. This would allow dopamine and glutamate levels to return to appropriate levels and hopefully allay symptoms of schizophrenia. Another potential aspect to myShow MoreRelatedSchizophrenia Research Paper1296 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper III I chose to write my research paper over Schizophrenia. It is a psychological disorder that I have always found fascinating. It is a serious disorder that consumes a persons life and is nearly impossible to control. In this paper, I will talk about the definition of Schizophrenia, the diagnosis of Schizophrenia, Schizophrenia in children, suicide, sexually related characteristics of the disease, sleep disorders caused by the disease, differences in the disease on different ethnicitiesRead MoreSchizophrenia Research Papers801 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"New Approach Advised to Treat Schizophrenia,† submitted by the New York Times discusses the results of a government-funded study that calls for a new more effective way to treat schizophrenia. More than two million in the United States have been diagnosed with schizophrenia, with the usual treatment that mainly involves strong doses of antipsychotic drugs. These drugs help to blunt hallucinations and delusions. Unfortunately, a lot of these drugs come with side effects such as weight gain or tremorsRead MoreCase Formulation Paper II On Schizophrenia1324 Words   |  6 PagesGabrial Davies Professor Aaron Grusonik Abnormal Psychology 340 April, Spring, 2017 Case Formulation Paper II Study on Schizophrenia Hypothetical Patient The patient is a 38-year-old Caucasian male, with a history of Schizophrenia for the past 24 years. While the patient has a history with recreational drugs i.e., marijuana and methamphetamines, he has had the diagnosis of schizophrenia when he was 16 years old. He has been in and out of outpatient substance abuse treatment programs. The patientRead MoreCritical Diagnostic Review Paper Of Schizophrenia3854 Words   |  16 Pages Critical Diagnostic Review Paper of Schizophrenia History of Course of Schizophrenia Schizophrenia was named in 1911 by Swiss Psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler, but it is thought the disorder has been around for a much longer time. Although not called schizophrenia this disorder has been traced back to papyrus from 1550 B. C. Egypt and Stone Age skulls found with drill-like holes. The common theme of most behaviors of early times was madness. Neel Burton found madness was often thought of as punishmentRead MoreReflection Paper On Schizophrenia And Bi Polar Disorder954 Words   |  4 PagesReflection Paper on Schizophrenia and Bi-Polar Disorder Guest Speaker Overview I was highly interested in the topic of schizophrenia that the guest speaker gave her presentation on during our, The Helping Profession in Health Care Settings class. Debra Wuichet is a License Clinical Social Worker and is the Director of Social Services at the North Mississippi State Hospital. As the Director of the State Hospital her duties consist of intake assessments and exit planning for the patients. I haveRead MoreThis Paper Will Discuss Different Aspects Of Schizophrenia.1841 Words   |  8 PagesThis paper will discuss different aspects of Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is an illness that affects how a person thinks, feels, and acts. It affects each person differently both on a daily basis and over a lifetime. Living with schizophrenia may make it harder manage your feelings, think clearly and deal with other people on the daily basis. Many people who battle with this disorder have difficulty distinguishing between what is real and what is imaginary. Schizophrenics have a hard time in socialRead MorePsychiatric Treatment: Mental Disorders, Schizophrenia, and The Yellow Paper2081 Words   |  9 Pagesworld’s entire population, more than one percent of people have been diagnosed with schizophrenia (Brain and Behavior Research Foundation). When thinking of the billions of people in the world, it might not seem like that many people but once the number of those diagnosed i s calculated it seems much larger. Currently there are more than seventy million people in the world that have been diagnosed with schizophrenia, only diagnosed. There are probably several more people who have this disorder andRead MoreA Research Paper on Schizophrenia984 Words   |  4 PagesSchizophrenia Introduction Schizophrenia is a severe, disabling and chronic disorder that affects people. Schizophrenia is diagnosed as a psychotic disorder. This is because a person suffering from schizophrenia cannot tell their own thoughts, perceptions, ideas, and imaginations from the reality. There is continuing debate and research as to whether schizophrenia is one condition or a combination of more than one syndrome that have related features. People suffering from schizophrenia may seemRead MoreSchizophrenia Research Paper1781 Words   |  8 Pagespeople dealing with schizophrenia? Throughout the years people with schizophrenia has dealt with different type of treatments, exorcism, insulin shock, electroconvulsive therapy, lobotomy, and fever therapy. Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling mental disorder characterized by deficit in thought processes, perceptions and emotional responsiveness. It is a serious disorder on the mind and brain and it is also highly treatable. Although there is no cure for schizophrenia, treatment successRead MoreChildhood Trauma and Symptoms of Psychological Disorders Essay examples1567 Words   |  7 Pagesthe symptoms of patients with psychological disorders such as Schizophrenia and Psychosis, or can the trauma cause a patient to have Schizophrenia or Psychosis. Many case studies’ findings state that there is a link. Some studies say only certain symptoms are affected. I want to know what symptoms are affected and what kind of childhood trauma could have possibly affected the symptoms of patients who have been diagnosed with Schizophrenia and Psychosis, or if the childhood trauma could have caused

Gender, Gender And Sexuality Essay - 1295 Words

Gender and Sexuality Gender and sexuality are problematically understood and represented in Australian classrooms because of the presence of gender bias and the marginalisation of sexually diverse students, which reflects the patriarchal society that we live in. It is important to acknowledge that issues related to gender and sexuality are not just issues for older children and teenagers. They are just as applicable to young children who are at a very impressionable and susceptible stage of their lives and are going through the process of forming their own notions of what is acceptable behaviour for males and females (Gobby, 2016b). Carolyn Hannan, Director of the Advancement of Women Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, describes the concept of ‘gender order’ in her opening keynote speech titled â€Å"Challenging the gender order†. She states that ‘gender order’ â€Å"could be very simplistically defined as the way society is organis ed around the roles, responsibilities, activities and contributions of women and men, in other words, what is expected, allowed and encouraged in relation to what women and men do in different contexts† (Hannan, 2006). This notion is linked to the binary perception of gender and sexuality where the ideals and beliefs surrounding masculinity oppose those of femininity (Gobby, 2016b). For example, males are aggressive, females are gentle; females are emotional, males are rational; and males are tough where as females areShow MoreRelatedGender, Gender And Sexuality Essay1748 Words   |  7 PagesIt has been discussed in the class lectures that Women and Gender Studies challenge the idea of whose knowledge is privileged or valued. The article â€Å"Doing Gender, Doing Class† serves as a great example to ask that question in regards to the expression of gender and sexuality, and how those two are heavily influenced by the social class construct. Trautner argues that â€Å" gender in organizations interacts with other major features of stratification - such as class and race - to construct unique organizationalRead MoreGender Roles : Gender And Sexuality1319 Words   |  6 Pages In today’s society, new terminology surrounding gender and sexuality are constantly be added or updated. Upon learning more about the varying types of individuals as well as society becoming more accepting of the alternate varieties of gender roles, it is important for all to be able to keep up with it. For starters, gender refers to the femininity or masculinity of an individual through the social, and cultural characteristics associated with the biological sex (Yarber, p. 125). Additionally, thereRead MoreGender Differences Between Sexuality And Gender888 Words   |  4 PagesIn sociology, we make a general distinction between sexuality and gender. Sex is the biological trait that we use to determine whether or not a person is a male or a female, whether it be throu gh chromosomes, genitalia, or some other kind of visual physical description. When society talks about the obvious differences between men and women, they are often drawing on sex rather than gender, which is now an understanding of how society helps to shape our new understanding of these biological categoriesRead MoreThe Body, Gender, And Sexuality964 Words   |  4 PagesAllise Sellers Unit 2 Reading Response The body, gender, and sexuality are intertwined concepts that have been simplified to a point that attempts to explain each of these characteristic constructs purely through biology. However, ignoring the social implications in various cultures takes away from the complex analysis these foundational human descriptors actually deserve. In the writings of R.W. Connell, Suzanne Kessler, S.E. Smith, Lisa Wade, Riki Wilchins, and Patricia Hill Collins, these authorsRead MoreGender, Sex, And Sexuality1363 Words   |  6 PagesJones Mr.DiGulio Honor Freshman English-3 26 April 2016 Gender, Sex, and Sexuality Gender, sex, and sexuality are not new concepts in today’s society. These three terms have been around for a long time, but they have only just started to surface and be taught and understood by the nation. Slowly society is learning that sex does not determine one’s sexual orientation and gender and who you are is nothing to be ashamed about. A person’s sexuality has been with them ever since and before they were bornRead MoreThe Issue Of Gender And Sexuality Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent is based on genetics. Having a different view of oneself’s gender is not always a choice. It is considerably something that is known right away and is usually not second guessed then there are no decision to be made about whether they are choosing to be that way or not. Genetics decides eye color, hair color, and facial features, so accordingly it would most likely decide the decisions and views on gender and sexuality. In reality, it is often overlooked that genetics play a massive roleRead MoreSex, Gender, And Sexuality1490 Words   |  6 PagesSex, gender, and sexuality are words that are constantly are been not understood properly and also misused by societies. But scholars through research and history have come up with basic ways to distinguish what each term means. Starting with the term sex, sex is know n as a biological structure of a person (Renzetti 2). There also is another way that sex defined, some believe that the definition of is the meaning the society and each individual gave it, â€Å"or the various ways we express our sexualRead MoreFeminism And Gender And Sexuality1378 Words   |  6 Pageson the social constructions of gender and sexuality. Feminism aims to closely examine gender inequalities and to effect change in areas where gender and sexuality politics cause social imbalances. Feminist political activists fight for reproductive rights for women, domestic violence, gay marriage, and issues within workplaces such as sexual harassment and discrimination. Any type of stereotyping, objectification, violation of human rights, and gender or sexuality based oppression are feminist issuesRead MoreGender and Sexuality in Culture1053 Words   |  5 Pagesfields made information available through ethnographic readings and studies. A key inquiry anthropologists seek to ans wer is the distinction between and role of sex, gender, and sexuality within each separate culture. Y The Last Man and other ethnographic texts connect culture, its language, and the formation of gender, sex, and sexuality roles in any given society. Y The Last Man begins with Yorick, a young man who lives and works at home talking to his girlfriend, Beth. Yorick is working out whileRead MoreEssay on Gender and Sexuality2673 Words   |  11 PagesGender and sexuality can be comprehended through social science. Social science is â€Å"the study of human society and of individual relationships in and to society† (free dictionary, 2009). The study of social science deals with different aspects of society such as politics, economics, and the social aspects of society. Gender identity is closely interlinked with social science as it is based on an identity of an individual in the society. Sexuality is â€Å"the condition of being characterized and distinguished

Analysis Audio Engineering - 1478 Words

Arparish Royal Kennedy, AMH September 13, 2016 Audio Engineering (Major Paper) The musical field has always held a great interest to me. Since I was young I knew I would find a career in this field. When I listened to music I would always focus more on the background musical elements rather than the lyrics themselves. I would note how well the beat and lyrics coexisted with each other. Just the aspect of how someone could translate lyrics into a working beat and create a product that would be a perfect blend of lyrics and musical elements. Even now I notice how I constantly critique the music I listen to. It s to the point where I can tell if the music an artist is using the beat effectively or not. This ability that I ve developed over time by listening to countless sounds and analyzing them. I believe music has the ability to convey all sorts of emotion. Whether the emotion is joy and happiness or sadness and despair through rhythms, harmonies and the lyrics music shows it. The effect that music can have on our emotions is greater than we realize, as it can bring people to tears or bursts of laughter. The visual images that music and songs are able to create together are amazing. Music can easily take you back to an old memory. It lets me revisit lost and forgotten moments in life. Songs can paint very vivid pictures, for example in classical and country music where a story is being told. The music in classical music tells a story without lyrics which is aShow MoreRelatedStudio Business Plan Essay4772 Words   |  20 Pages..................................................................... 21 Advertising ............................................................................................................................................... 21 Competitor Analysis..................................................................... 23 Existing Competitors ................................................................................................................................ 23 Potential CompetitorsRead MoreThe Evolving Digital Steganography Methods Through Ages927 Words   |  4 Pagessteganography techniques in different media like text, voice, picture, and video to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. Motivation: Steganography is the science of hiding a secret message or data inside another text, image, audio or video file. It has been in use since ancient times. The distinguishing factors in the steganography techniques used back then and at present, is the medium to carry the secret data and the various algorithms which have been designed for it. We intendRead MoreElectrical Engineering Concepts And Not Mechanical Engineering1392 Words   |  6 PagesAs a second year BEng Electronic and Electrical Engineering student a project had to be devised which would consist of Electrical Engineering concepts and not Mechanical Engineering. Groups were made so that tasks could be carried out by each member. Several project ideas were then made by each group member. The ideas which were thought of by myself included a hybrid solar and wind battery charger, a parking sensor and also remote control blinds (Appendix A). Research had to be carried out onRead Moreâ€Å"AIM HIGH ALWAYS AND WORK ‘HARD’ TO REACH YOUR GOAL BECAUSE SUCCESS IS SWEET BUT IT’S1000 Words   |  4 Pageshappy for having made a clear choice. With the interest and efforts put in I secured yet again school 1st rank in my twelfth final exams with 97.9% (1175/1200) and got into Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, one of the top engineering colleges of my country, on a merit basis. My undergraduate study provided me with a rich vastness in syllabus that helped me explore with vibrancy, various subjects that has finally helped me choose my domainRead MoreMercedes Benz And The Automobile Industry Essay806 Words   |  4 Pagesthe three-pointed star, stands for the aspiration to deliver the best in terms of products, technology and services. Mercedes-Benz cars are seen as some of the best cars in the world, standing as symbols of beautiful quality and innovative engineering. Analysis of Mercedes-Benz Written Communication On the Mercedes-Benz homepage, if you scroll through it you will see the word ‘innovation’ being tossed about constantly. This is because, I believe, Mercedes-Benz wants the consumer to know that theyRead MoreTypes Of Speech Databases1068 Words   |  5 Pagesconversations, chat shows, conversations in public places etc. are very naturally occurring and express a wide range of emotions. Some of the top choices of datasets are the Berlin dataset of German emotional speech (EMO-DB), the RML audio-visual dataset and the BAUM-ls audio-visual dataset. These datasets are free of cost and publically available [3]. The EMO-DB [5] is a speech corpus containing 535 speech percepts with the corresponding emotional labels. It is a simulated environment dataset containingRead MoreSystem Development Life Cycle3366 Words   |  14 Pages figure 1: Panasonic AVC Network Johor Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. (PAVCJM) Panasonic AVC Network Johor Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. (PAVCJM) was formerly known as Matsushita Audio Video (M) Sdn. Bhd. (MAV). It was established in 21st December 1990 as the 14th Matsushita Company in Malaysia and the first Audio and Video Company in South East Asia outside Japan. Continuous improvement and emphasis in quality has resulted in realizing the company vision to establish their very own Research andRead MoreIntegrated Management Of Projects And Systems990 Words   |  4 Pagescapacity, whether this is via job assistance, or enablement. Communications, record keeping, and employee management all rely heavily upon IT systems to operate. Engineering jobs rely on IT systems to augment and assist to a greater degree than other areas due to the technical nature of the work. Nowhere is this more true than in Software Engineering, where technical details and their representation is key to the success of any project. It has been found that face-to-face meetings are still unmatc hed inRead MoreSteganography Analysis : Steganography And Cryptography1350 Words   |  6 PagesFunction: An algorithm used to hide the message. †¢ Extracting Function: An algorithm used to unhide/uncover the message In the basic steganographic process, the secret message is hidden into a cover object. The cover object can be any of text, image, audio, video etc. A secret key is also used and the secret message is embedded into the cover object using the secret key. This new message obtained is called stego message. The stego message is transmitted over the public channel. The receiver gets theRead MoreAnalysis Of Watermarked Images Using Steganography1277 Words   |  6 PagesANALYSIS OF WATERMARKED IMAGES USING STEGANOGRAPHY BY MEANS OF ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION PROCESS Priyanka Malvi1Anubhav Sharma2 Address for correspondence 1M Tech scholar, Department of Computer science engineering, Acropolis Institute of Tech. Research Bhopal, M.P., India 2Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science Engineering Acropolis Institute of Tech. Research Bhopal, M.P., India 1Email id:priyankas1829@gmail. Contact No.: 9406258135 2Email id:,Hodit.aitr@gmail.com ________________________________________

The Philosophical Debate On Moral Responsibility - 1690 Words

Philosophical debate on moral responsibility has a long history. Thousands of years, many philosophers have debated on whether human beings are morally responsible for their actions. To answer this question, philosophers use terms like free will, determinism, compatibility and deservingness to help it. The question is still a major issue addressed today. To be morally responsible means to accept praise, blame, reward, or punishment for an act or omission in accordance with one s moral obligations. People could argue that they have free will or not. According to general knowledge of free will, free will can be defined as the ability to do things on ones own discretion. Thus, in this paper I will argue that humans are morally responsible for their actions. I will prove this by using the concepts of Free will and determinism. Free will in the sense that for humans to be morally responsible for an action, one has to be free and conscious of his or her decision. In the case of Determinis m, the presence of causation and external forces has minimal effect or no effect on moral responsibility. Free will Human beings are morally responsible for their actions because they posess free will. Free will is a choice or a desire to do something of ones accord. According to Paul Edward, a philosopher, when we call an action â€Å"free† we mean that the agent is not compelled or constrained to perform it. (Edward). One might argue that people act in certain ways because they have been drugged orShow MoreRelatedComparing Compatibilism Vs Incompatibilism : A Compatibilist View1332 Words   |  6 Pagesthat determinism implies no free will, or the compatibilists view that determinism still allows for free will. The incompatibilist philosophical thinkers have taken determinism as use of a scapegoat, identifying determinism to infer that human beings are unable to have any free will, thus no moral responsibility for taken actions. Whilst the compatibilist philosophical thinkers have taken a softer view of determinism, holding the view that an agents actions are pre-determined, although th e agent isRead MoreMoral Standing on Abortion1087 Words   |  5 PagesMarch 2014 Moral Standing on Abortion To say that a person has moral standing is to give consideration to his or her wellbeing. According to Robert M. Veatch’s The Basic of Bioethics, moral standing is believed to be â€Å"that humans (at least normal humans) have moral standing [as well as] other animals† (27). Moral standing is determined by the physical or mental capacities of self-awareness or rationality. However, controversy arises when determining when one actually has full moral standing. AbortionRead MoreSocialism And The Economic System1373 Words   |  6 PagesSocialism serves to satisfy many philosophical questions therefore making it an ideal position in the economic justice debate. In looking into this position we find satisfaction in the answers it affords us. Socialism fulfills the innate responsibility of the government to care for its people. Moreover, aside from fulfilling this responsibility, socialism is the economic system that delivers the highest benefit as applied to the whole. Th e importance of these answers is that the primary questionRead MoreAnalysis Of The Philosophical Concepts Of Determinism And Free Will1711 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of Free Will The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy defines â€Å"free will† as the discretion to choose between varieties of courses of action.The debate and arguments that surround free will have occupied philosophers for many centuries. Many scholars believe that the concept of free will is connected to the concept of responsibility, guilt, sin and other judgments that apply to the actions that are freely chosen by people. Other philosophers also link free will to the concept of persuasionRead MoreDeterminism Vs. Free Will1341 Words   |  6 Pagesevery event there exist conditions that could cause no alternative event. Free will is a philosophical term describing a particular sort of capacity of rational agents to choose a course of action from among various alternatives. Understandably, the dichotomy between these two concepts is a topic philosophers have debated over for many years. As a result of these debates, a number of alternative philosophical perspectives arguing for the ex istence of free will, namely libertarianism and compatibilismRead MoreCase Analysis And Report : Wilson V. R. Facts1355 Words   |  6 Pagesdismissed the appeal. Mr Wilson appealed once again to the High Court. HIGH COURT: Majority decision: The majority, in reaching its decision, endeavoured to define the principles of manslaughter such that the moral culpability of the accused would be commensurate to their legal responsibility. The majority looked to the nature of manslaughter in English law, where the test to determine the existence of manslaughter was, â€Å"the unlawful act must be such as all sober and reasonable people would inevitablyRead MoreEuthanasia Is The Most Active1548 Words   |  7 PagesNon-voluntary euthanasia is illegal in all countries. Involuntary euthanasia is usually considered murder. As of 2006, euthanasia is the most active area of research in contemporary bioethics. In some countries there is a divisive public controversy over the moral, ethical, and legal issues of euthanasia. Those who are against euthanasia may argue for the sanctity of life, while proponents of euthanasia rights emphasize alleviating suffering, and preserving bodily integrity, self-determination, and personalRead MoreGattaca: A Philosophical Analysis Essay1059 Words   |  5 Pagesgenetic identity in exchange for companionship and free alcohol. As Jerome, Vincent is quickly hired and becomes a celebrated success at Gattaca, America’s leading space station. Poignant and triumphant, Gattaca provides the discerning viewer with a philosophical perspective of the ethics, politics, and realities involved in the lives of both the genetically superior and the naturally conceived. In Gattaca, the metaphysical reality of human free will is articulated through Vincent’s unpredicted achievementRead MoreEssay on Libertarianism1127 Words   |  5 Pagesphilosophers have debated over the presence of free will. As a result of these often-heated arguments, many factions have evolved, the two most prominent being the schools of Libertarianism and of Determinism. Within these two schools of thought lies another debate, that of compatibilism, or whether or not the two believes can co-exist. In his essay, Has the Self â€Å"Free Will†?, C.A. Campbell, a staunch non-compatiblist and libertarian, attempts to explain the Libertarian argument. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ToRead More The Free Will Debate Essay2989 Words   |  12 Pagesother vital philosophical issues: freedom of action and moral accountability, which is the main reason why the debate is so vital. Simply stated, a person who has free will refers to an individual’s ability to choose his or her route of action. However, animals also appear to suit this measure, further adding to the debate because free will is typically thought to only be possessed by human beings (Broad 1990). Over the years, there has been an extended running controversial debate as to whether

Project on Industrial Building System-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Critical Success Factors in the Management of Rebuilding Dilapidated Schools Projects Using the Industrialised Building System Method. Answer: Introduction: The purpose of this paper is to apply integrating theories on the research project on industrial building system for renovation of the dilapidated school projects. The framework of the compete project is divided into three criteria which should be focused for applying effective integrating theories to resolve the issues which exist with the proposed project which are classified as Increasing demand of IBS in Malaysia, linking of the IBS technology with the proposal of renovating the dilapidated schools project and proposal of the conceptual framework based on the research questions undertaken to develop an effective design of the project (Yusof, 2016). In this paper we are looking forward to undertake the literature review on the integration theories which plays an important role in resolving the issues which exist with the project of renovation in Malaysia. The management of the activities and the scheduling program can be effectively done by the application of the integration theor y according to the requirement of the project. The emphasis should be given on the renovation process structure which should be followed for renovating the schools within the prescribed deadline of completion. The undertaken process should make use of technological advancement in the area of construction program. The integration of the theories with the requirement of the project can be applied in four perspective view (Zakaria, 2016). The first area is to focus on same problem or objective with different point of view. Second area is to undergone a research on the basis of assumptions made for the project. The third area is to clarify the domain of the research agenda. The last one is used for applying two different theories on the same data set to measure the efficiency of the theory applied. The literature review on the requirement of the renovation in the schools of Malaysia helps in overcoming the research gaps which exist in the traditional projects. Literature review: The research is undertaken for reviewing the gaps which exist with the proposed system. The complexity of the project is the major hazard for the development of the effective phases for the renovation of the schools. It is difficult to develop a project initiation phase and the project post review phase for upgrading the school construction. The work breakdown structure of the project depends on the analysis of the human resource required for completing the project. The roles and responsibilities should be divided according to the skills and expertise of the selected members to perform the specified task. The critical and creative thinking of the top executives plays an important role in the analysis of the expertise of the team member to provide relevant responsibilities for completing the project. The integration and the coordination of the project activities help in developing good and healthy relationship and feeling of cooperation among the team members. The project manager has a key responsibility of selecting the process for developing the renovation strategy for the project of dilapidated schools in Malaysia. The emphasis should be given on the renovation process structure which should be followed for renovating the schools within the prescribed deadline of completion. The undertaken process should make use of technological advancement in the area of construction program. The legal and the social issues which assist with the project should be proactively solved to overcome scenario of distraction. The scope of the project is to deploy the industrial building system for carrying out the renovation process required for the project of dilapidated schools. The industrial building system is advantageous for identifying the risks and issues which exist with the participating internal and external parties such as employees, government, working culture, and technology used, undertaken process or strategies, complexity in managing communication flow, and other. The critical issues which can create the problem of project delay and overrunning of the cost can be effectively handled with the use of industrial building system program. The quality of the outcome helps in analysing the effectiveness of the process undertaken for completing the project with the association of industrial building system. The satisfaction level of the stakeholders helps in analysing the critical success factors which plays an important role in completing the project on time with quality standards. The research agenda is to focus on resolving the major problem to analyse the efficiency of the project manager in developing perception of process or strategies to get better result of renovating the school, which techniques should be used by the project manager in completing the project within time, and the factors which helps in using the IBS system efficiently in the proposed project of renovation. The application of right theory on predicting the research agenda helps in getting quality result for the integration of industrial building system approach with the renovation of the dilapidated schools (Okere, 2017). The complexity theory is applied in the given project to resolve the complex structure of the project. The analysis of the critical factors of the project such as availability of the expert labour according to the requirement of the process, strategies developed for the project, managing communication flow between internal and external parties, change in the requirement of the project owner, and others helps in resolving the complexity of the project without any distraction at the end of the project completion. The application of the complexity theory helps in resolving the critical issues which exist with the project (Saggaf, 2016). It helps in implies the ethical conduct of the behaviour in the team members. The chaos and conflicts of the team members can be effectiv ely resolved with the complexity theory. The learning curve theory is used for managing the relationship between cumulative number and association of the production time. The project manager is responsible for the deployment of management techniques in the process undertaking for finishing the job. The project manager gains confidence by the repetitive process undertaken for sharpening the managerial skills. The operational capability of the equipment can be enhanced for increasing the productivity. The organizational theory is applied by the manager for improving the organizational chart for the management of information flow (Walid, 2012). The association of the different groups helps in creating new ideas and opinions on developing the associate organization culture. The interdependencies should be managed between the working groups of the project undertaken. The project objective can be achieved with the establishing of communication flow among the employees of the enterprise. T he norms and regulation should be developed for generating official and unofficial culture. It helps in managing the conflict and chaos among the team members. The application of the complexity theory is helpful in identifying and improving the perception of the manager for developing effective renovation of the dilapidated school. The IBS method is used for developing the construction of the school. The organizational theory helps in identifying the factors responsible for managing the implementation of the industrial building system. The factors which play an important role in developing the project within the period of time are availability of expert labour, supply and demand of managing resources on the site location, deployment of effective strategies, and others. The effective relationship can be maintained between small and large scale projects for developing a high quality renovation technique. The learning curve theory is useful for bringing change in the organization effectively. The focus should be given on the community located near the school. The industrial building system is used for assessing the requirement of the renovation on the school. The success of the project depends on the analysis of the internal and external factors which are associated with the project lifecycle. The renovation is required on the development of the walls, development of the structural system, and management of the constructions solution. There are different elements which should be focused for the renovation program. The implementation of the industrial building system in the practical scenario of construction is emphasised on five processes which are categorised as initiation of the work, requirement and resources required for the project, managing supply and demand of resources and equipment at the construction site, installation of the technological component which can initiate the construction process, and development of final construction project. The project manager should focus on the critical success factors for the projects so that the project activities should not be delayed (Mydin, 2014). The issues related to government rules and policies should be resolved with the consideration given to designing and technical factors. The analysis of managing supply and demand of resources according to the requirement of the project helps in achieving the control over the construction process. The construction process undertaken for the renovation of the dilapidated school can be enhanced with the use of technological advancement techniques (Kassim, 2012). The IBS process helps in synchronizing the activities related to installation of beam, column, and walls. The success of the project depends on the maintenance of effective communication channel between the internal team members and external government agencies. The allocation of resources and responsibilities to the project team hired for completing the project activities can be explained with the help of imposing organization theory to develop effective flow of communication between different units of team (Nawi, 2015). The application of the complexity theory can be effectively applied for managing the strategies and processes to resolve the uncertainty associated with the smooth working of the project operation. The uncertainty associated with the project management methodology, strategies, procedures, and other can be predicted efficiently with the use of complexity theory (Kamar, 2013). The learning curve theory is used for monitoring and maintenance of the project. It focuses on the quality of the project to ensure the success and failure of the project. The sustainability of the project can be measured with the help of value added factors which are used for taking decision effectively to analyse the critical path of the project. The change management theory helps in adding new features to the project which helps in the renovation of the school by focusing on the trend and technology. The emphasis on the risk management helps in completing the project with efficiency and effectiveness to achieve long term sustainability of the project. The top down strategically designed plan helps in achieving the cohesiveness in the construction process undertaken by the project manager to renovate the school. The deployment of the industrial building system with the association of theoretical framework helps in achieving the objectives of the proposed project. The perception of the project manager can be broaden with the help of creative thinking fundamentals which results in intensifying renovation procedures laid down for improvement. The possible outcome of the rebuilding procedures laid down can be effectively measure (Erdene, 2015). The IBS system is successful in examining the internal and external factors which plays an important role in the development of the rebuilding of the dilapidated school. The success of the project can be measured by analysing the application of the proposed framework to resolve the issues and challenges which exist with the traditional working of the school. During the research analysis, we found that conventional methods are not applicable for the development of the project (Azhari, 2012). In the proposed project, we undertake the business project with t he application of industrial building project with the analysis of theoretical framework for the effective working of the project phases. The complete project is divided into five phases process which are named as process of initiation, process of planning, execution of the project, monitoring and control of the project, and review of the post-performance of the project. The successful completion of all the stages which are designed for the renovation of the school helps in achieving the project objective and mission. The use of new technological advancement equipment helps in completing the project within the time line and without overrunning of the cost of the project. The industrial building system focuses on the key areas to unite them with the functional program of the project. The key areas of the project are categorised as Man, method, material, and monitoring. The effective utilization of the human resource helps in the development of the project within the budget approved f or the project because they will be capable of managing their requirement within the material available with the use of proposed methodology (Zawawi, 2012). The monitoring of the complete system results into the elimination of flaws from the proposed model of rebuilding the dilapidated school. Conclusion: It has been concluded that the proposed framework of industrial building system can be effectively applied on the construction of the renovation project for the dilapidated school. The use of theoretical framework helps in managing the relationship between man, material, method, and monitoring efficiently between the undertaken units of the proposed project. The research objective can be effectively achieved by using the process structure of industrial building system. The project manager is responsible for the deployment of management techniques in the process undertaking for finishing the job. The project manager gains confidence by the repetitive process undertaken for sharpening the managerial skills. The critical and creative thinking of the top executives plays an important role in the analysis of the expertise of the team member to provide relevant responsibilities for completing the project. The association of the different groups helps in creating new ideas and opinions on d eveloping the associate organization culture. The IBS process helps in synchronizing the activities related to installation of beam, column, and walls. The IBS technology is the most suitable process structure for completing the project of renovation within the approved period of time and under budget. References: Azhari, M. (2012). Drivers, Barriers, and critical success factors in adopting industrialized building system. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://jestec.taylors.edu.my/Vol%209%20Issue%204%20August%2014/Volume%20(9)%20Issue%20(4)%20490-501.pdf [Accessed 01 Apr. 2018]. Erdene, M. (2015). Towards safer school construction: A community based approach. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.gfdrr.org/sites/default/files/publication/45179_towardssaferschoolconstruction2015_0.pdf [Accessed 01 Apr. 2018]. Kamar, K. (2013). Industrialized building system: The critical success factors. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.irbnet.de/daten/iconda/CIB_DC29275.pdf [Accessed 01 Apr. 2018]. Kassim, U. (2012). The application of the industrialized building system in Malaysia. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263091032_THE_APPLICATION_OF_THE_INDUSTRIALISED_BUILDING_SYSTEM_IBS_IN_MALAYSIA_A_CASE_STUDY_IN_THE_STATE_OF_PERLIS [Accessed 01 Apr. 2018]. Mydin, O. (2014). Investigation of industrialized building system performance in comparison to conventional construction method. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.matec-conferences.org/articles/matecconf/pdf/2014/01/matecconf_bust2013_04001.pdf [Accessed 01 Apr. 2018]. Nawi, M. (2015). Study on the use of industrialized building system in Malaysian private construction projects. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282808207_Study_on_the_use_of_industrialised_building_system_IBS_in_Malaysian_private_construction_projects [Accessed 01 Apr. 2018]. Okere, C. (2017). The critical success factors for stakeholder management in the restoration of built heritage assets. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://usir.salford.ac.uk/44908/3/C__Chika%20Udeaja_Research%20Activities_Research%20Paper_IJBPA-2017_Final-Draft_-_June_2017-corrected.pdf [Accessed 01 Apr. 2018]. Saggaf, A. (2016). Industrialized building system- an Innovative construction method. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.matec-conferences.org/articles/matecconf/pdf/2017/15/matecconf_sicest2017_05001.pdf [Accessed 01 Apr. 2018]. Walid, L. (2012). Awareness of the industrialized building system Implementation. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://ac.els-cdn.com/S187770581300129X/1-s2.0-S187770581300129X-main.pdf?_tid=eccd5cb9-eb78-45a9-a480-c97ed2d4cb1facdnat=1522602589_8e6cfe74c47cfc4dc4dfc3b016684cfc [Accessed 01 Apr. 2018]. Yusof, M. (2016). Industrialized building system of work. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309412879_Industrialized_building_system_plan_of_work [Accessed 01 Apr. 2018]. Zakaria, A. (2016). Key factor influencing the decision to adopt industrialised building system technology in the Malaysian construction industry. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17452007.2017.1298512 [Accessed 01 Apr. 2018]. Zawawi, M. (2012). Effectiveness of Industrialized building system implementation for Malaysian construction industry. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1700/1/MARDHIAH_ZAWAWI.pdf [Accessed 01 Apr. 2018].

Human Resources Management free essay sample

What is meant by a strategic approach to HRM? How can a strategic approach to HRM be a source of competitive advantage to an enterprise? Illustrate your view by reference to relevant literature and case studies drawn from GSN406 course materials. â€Å"The most powerful of the strategic configurations of power remains people you must work on developing an organizational espirit de corp that aligns the hearts and minds of your staff with the aims of the business†. (Boar 1997, p. 196) Acronyms used in this paper: This essay discusses strategic approaches to HRM and how they can provide those advantages. It begins with some relevant definitions, moves to a discussion of broad SHRM frameworks, then proceeds to show how strategic approaches can provide competitive advantages for organisations. The essay concludes with a selection of illustrative case studies, followed by concluding comments. Definitions 2. 1Human Resource Management There are a plethora of definitions for human resources management (HRM). Two definitions cited by Cornelius (2001, p. ) include: a) (HRM the) critical management task is to align the formal structure and the HR systems (selection, appraisal, rewards and development) so that they can drive the strategic objectives of the organization. (Fobrum, Tichy and Devanna in Cornelius 2001, p. 9) b) (HRM) is directed mainly at the management needs for human resources (not necessarily of employees) to be provided and deployed. There is a greater emphasis on planning, monitoring, and control, rather than on problem-solving and mediation. It is totally identified with management interests, being a general management activity and is relatively distant from the workforce as a whole. (Torrington and Hall in Cornelius 2001, p. 9) 2. 2Strategic management Viljoen and Dann (2000, p. 618) define strategic management as: The process of identifying, choosing and implementing activities that will enhance the long-term performance of an organisation by setting direction and by creating ongoing compatibility between the internal skills and resources of the organisation and the changing external environment within which it operates. Competitive advantage Viljoen and Dann (2000, p. 619) define sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) as â€Å"long-term advantage over the organisation’s competitors which is achieved by offering unique value†. Therefore, competitive advantage can reasonably be defined as per above, but not necessarily long-term/sustainable. Strategic approaches to HRM There are several broad approaches t o strategic HRM, which can be grouped into the following three frameworks: a) Universal (best practice): Focus is on broad aspects of the business environment. Suggest that a given set of HR practices or conditions will provide strategic/competitive advantage to any firm in any circumstances; b) Contingent (best fit): Focus is on specific business operating environments. Suggest that particular types of HR practices will provide competitive advantages for particular types of firms depending on their strategic environment and reaction to it; and c) Organisation-specific (unique): Focus is on the firm and its internal resources. Suggest that individual organisations contain unique and inimitable human capabilities that will provide sustainable competitive advantages. (Cornelius 2001, pp. 99-300) How SHRM can provide competitive advantage Based on the three broad frameworks, there are several approaches to how SHRM can provide competitive advantages to an organisation. They are discussed independently of each other below: a) Universal (best practice) Organisations create competitive advantages by integrating a suitable ‘HRM bundleâ€℠¢ of best practices into the firm’s overall structure. The ‘HRM bundle’ typically includes ‘high ground’ elements of HRM, some of which may include: †¢ A goal of employee commitment; †¢ A goal of organic structure and functional flexibility; †¢ A goal of quality; and A goal of integrating corporate objectives and HR objectives. (Guest 1987, p. 48) In theory, successful integration of the above practices into a firm will ultimately result in an environment in which HRM actually helps to determine strategy (rather than just implement it). The validity of this framework is commonly substantiated by drawing causal relationships between, for example, motivation and customer satisfaction, or other relevant factors (Cornelius 2001, p. 301). b) Contingent (best fit) As per the â€Å"best practice† framework, except that in this instance best practice is contingent on the firm’s situational environment. The competitive environment, industry and workforce structure interact to create a specific context in which HRM adds competitive advantages (Cornelius 2001, p. 302). c) Organisation-specific (unique) Dollinger (1999, pp. 56 et seq. ) uses the resource-based theory of sustainable competitive advantage to posit that intellectual and human resources are sets of attributes (i. e. the knowledge, training and experience of a firms employees), and that they can provide the firm with sustainable competitive advantages. The firm must control the resources, and they must satisfy one or more of the following criteria: Valuable |They allow the exploitation of a market opportunity | |Rare |Rivals cannot also have access to these resources | |Hard to copy |Rivals cannot simply duplicate or emulate the resources held | |Non-substitutable |No suitable substitutes for the resources held | Competitive advantages are best realised when the sets of attributes (e. g. of each individual employee) are strategically integrated in a manner that creates synergy (Wood et al. 2001, p. 6). This synergy is difficult for competitors to identify and duplicate because of the social complexity of individual organisations. 5. 0Validation of SHRM: Case studies of successful firms 1 SAP (Australia) †¢ Annual employee conference where everyone participates in developing the Company’s vision and strategy; †¢ Staff and managers jointly compile business plans; Staff and management jointly manage performance evaluations; and †¢ Bonuses linked to ‘rated’ customer satisfaction system; (Davidson and Griffin 2000, p. 471) 2 Delta Airlines (USA) †¢ HRM is a primary activity; †¢ Human resources are viewed as a core competency for competitiveness; †¢ HRM managers have â€Å"access to the top job† (i. e. CEO); and †¢ HR system correlates w ith resource-based theory of SCA (i. e. VRHN). (Swiercz and Spencer in Southey and Lewis 2000, p. 93) 3 Pepsi-Cola International Adopts a common values approach to HRM, to enhance competitiveness; †¢ Has a multinational vocabulary that unites staff from different cultures and countries; and †¢ Has identified 11 success factors for performance measurement and management. (Schuler and Huselid in Southey and Lewis 2000, p. 158) 4 Apple Computer (USA, Europe, Pacific) †¢ Adopted a growth/prospector/high-tech strategy for HRM; †¢ Facilitated rapid HR growth by â€Å"fattening† corporate structure to create opportunities while simultaneously maintaining innovative spirit; and †¢ Removed original founders in the best interest of the Co. nd its strategies. (Anthony, Perrewe and Kacmar in Southey and Lewis 2000, p. 120) 6. 0Conclusion Organisations can realise significant benefits by adopting a strategic approach to HRM (i. e. an approach that closely interfaces with the broader strategies of the organisation). This entails developing and implementing HR policies and practices that help to achieve organisational objectives, as compared to the traditional routines of personnel management. The policies and practices must be: †¢ constant enough to instill confidence in the employees; and flexible enough to contribute and adapt to changing organisational priorities and strategic directions.